Human Communication: The Basic Course

Human Communication: The Basic Course

• Loose Leaf: 480 pages
• Publisher: Pearson; 13 edition (January 18, 2014)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0205944868
• ISBN-13: 978-0205944866
• Product Dimensions: 0.6 x 8.3 x 10.9 inches 

Detailed Contents

Welcome to Human Communication: The Basic Course

PART ONE Foundations of human Communication
      Chapter 1 Preliminaries to Human Communication
            1.1 Forms, Benefits, and Myths of Human Communication
                   1.1.1 The Forms of Human Communication
                   1.1.2 The Benefits of Human Communication
                   1.1.3 The Myths of Human Communication
            1.2 Elements of Human Communication
                   1.2.1 Communication Contex
                   1.2.2 Source–Receiver
                   1.2.3 Messages
                   1.2.4 Channels
                   1.2.5 Noise
                   1.2.6 Effects
            1.3 Principles of Human Communication
                   1.3.1 Communication Is Purposeful
                   1.3.2 Communication Is Transactional
                   1.3.3 Communication Is a Package of Signals
                   1.3.4 Communication Is a Process of Adjustment
                   1.3.5 Communication Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions
                   1.3.6 Communication Is Ambiguous
                   1.3.7 Communication Is Punctuated
                   1.3.8 Communication Is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable
            1.4 The Competent Communicator
                   1.4.1 The Competent Communicator Makes Reasoned Choices
                   1.4.2 The Competent Communicator Thinks Critically and Mindfully
                   1.4.3 The Competent Communicator Is Culturally Sensitive
                   1.4.4 The Competent Communicator Is Ethical
                   1.4.5 The Competent Communicator Is an Effective Listener
                   1.4.6 The Competent Communicator Is Media Literate
            Summary : Preliminaries to Human Communication
      Chapter 2 Culture and Communication
           2.1 What Is Culture?
                 2.1.1 Sex and Gender
                 2.1.2 The Transmission of Culture
                 2.1.3 The Importance of Culture in Communication
                 2.1.4 The Aim of a Cultural Perspective
           2.2 Cultural Differences
                 2.2.1 Individual and Collective Orientation
                 2.2.2 High- and Low-Context Cultures
                 2.2.3 Power Distances
                 2.2.4 Masculine and Feminine Cultures
                 2.2.5 High- and Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant Cultures
                 2.2.6 Long- and Short-Term Orientation
                 2.2.7 Indulgence and Restraint
           2.3 Intercultural Communication
                2.3.1 The Nature and Forms of Intercultural Communication
                2.3.2 Improving Intercultural Communication
                Summary: Culture and Communication
     Chapter 3 The Self and Perception
           3.1 The Self in Human Communication
           3.2 Self-Disclosure
           3.3 Perception
           3.4 Impression Formation
           3.5 Impression Management
     Chapter 4 Listening in Human Communication
          Part 1 (4.1 The Importance of Listening: Task and Relationship Benefits; 4.2 The Listening Process: 4.2.1 Stage 1: Receiving, 4.2.2 Stage 2: Understanding, 4.2.3 Stage 3: Remembering, 4.2.4 Stage 4: Evaluating, 4.2.5 Stage 5: Responding; 4.3 Listening Barriers: 4.3.1 Distractions: Physical and Mental, 4.3.2 Biases and Prejudices, 4.3.3 Lack of Appropriate Focus, 4.3.4 Premature Judgment)
          Part 2 (4.4 Styles of Effective Listening: 4.4.1 Empathic and Objective Listening, 4.4.2 Nonjudgmental and Critical Listening, 4.4.3 Surface and Depth Listening, 4.4.4 Polite and Impolite Listening, 4.4.5 Active and Inactive Listening; 4.5 Listening, Culture, and Gender: 4.5.1 Culture and Listening, 4.5.2 Gender and Listening)
     Chapter 5 Verbal Messages (5.1 Principles of Verbal Messages: 5.1.1 Meanings Are in People, 5.1.2 Language Is Denotative and Connotative, 5.1.3 Meanings Depend on Context, 5.1.4 Messages Vary in Politeness, 5.1.5 Messages Can Be Onymous or Anonymous, 5.1.6 Messages Vary in Assertiveness, 5.1.7 Messages Can Deceive; 5.2 Disconfirmation and Confirmation : 5.2.1 Racism, 5.2.2 Heterosexism, 5.2.3 Ageism, 5.2.4 Sexism, 5.2.5 Cultural Identifiers; 5.3 Using Verbal Messages Effectively: 5.3.1 Language Symbolizes Reality (Partially), 5.3.2 Language Is Relatively Static, 5.3.3 Language Can Obscure Distinctions)
     Chapter 6 Nonverbal Messages The Principles of Nonverbal Communication
122
Nonverbal Messages Interact with Verbal Messages
122 ■ Nonverbal Messages Help Manage
Impressions 123 ■ Nonverbal Messages Help Form
Relationships 124 ■ Nonverbal Messages Structure
Conversation 125 ■ Nonverbal Messages Can
Influence and Deceive 125 ■ Nonverbal Messages
Are Crucial for Expressing Emotions 126
The Channels of Nonverbal
Communication
126
Body Communication 126 ■ Facial Communication
127 ■ Eye Communication 128 ■ Space Communication
131 ■ Artifactual Communication 133 ■
Touch Communication 134 ■ Paralanguage: The
Vocal Channel 136 ■ Silence 136 ■ Time Communication
137 ■ Smell Communication 139
Culture and Nonverbal
Communication 140
Culture and Gesture 140 ■ Culture and Facial
Expression
141 ■ Culture and Eye Communication
141 ■ Culture and Colors 141 ■ Culture
and Touch 142 ■ Culture, Paralanguage, and
Silence 142 ■ Culture and Time 142
Some Nonverbal Communication
Skills 144
Decoding Skills 144 ■ Encoding Skills 145
Summary: Nonverbal Messages 146
Key Terms 147
Working With Nonverbal Communication 147
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 149
Part Two Interpersonal,
Small Group, and Organizational
Communication 150
7 In terpersonal Communication:
Conversation 150
Principles of Conversation 152
The Principle of Process: Conversation Is a
Developmental
Process 152 ■ The Principle of
Turn-Taking 153 ■ The Principle of Dialogue 155 ■
The Principle of Immediacy 156 ■ The Principle
of Flexibility 156 ■ The Principle of Politeness:
Conversation
Is (Usually) Polite 157Everyday Conversations 158
Making Small Talk 158 ■ Introducing People 162
■ Making Excuses 163 ■ Apologizing 164 ■ Giving
and Receiving Compliments 166 ■ Giving and
Receiving
Advice 167
Summary: Interpersonal Communication:
Conversation 169
Key Terms 169
Working With Conversation 169
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 170
8 In terpersonal Relationship
Stages and Theories 171
Relationship Stages 173
Contact 175 ■ Involvement 175 ■ Intimacy 176 ■
Deterioration 177 ■ Repair 178 ■ Dissolution 178
Relationship Theories 179
Attraction Theory 179 ■ Relationship Rules
Theory
180 ■ Relationship Dialectics Theory 182
■ Social Penetration Theory 182 ■ Social
Exchange
Theory 183 ■ Equity Theory 184
The Dark Side of Interpersonal
Relationships
186
Jealousy 186 ■ Relationship Violence 188
Summary: Interpersonal Relationship Stages
and Theories 189
Key Terms 190
Working With Interpersonal Relationship Stages
and Theories 190
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 191
9 Friends, Lovers, and Families 192
Friendships 193
Friendship Types 193 ■ Friendship and Communication
194 ■ Friendships, Culture, Gender, and
Technology 195
Romantic Relationships 197
Love Types 197 ■ Love and Communication 199 ■
Love, Culture, Gender, and Technology 200
Families 202
Types of Couples and Families 202 ■ Family Characteristics
204 ■ Families and Communication 204
■ Families, Culture, Gender, and Technology
205
Summary: Friends, Lovers, and Families 207
Key Terms 207
Working With Friends, Lovers, and Families 208
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 20910 S mall Group
Communication
210
Small Groups and Teams 211
The Small Group 211 ■ The Team 211 ■ Virtual
Groups and Teams 212 ■ Small Group Stages 212
■ Small Group Formats 213 ■ Small Group
Culture 214 ■ Power in the Small Group 215
Idea-Generation Groups 216
Personal Growth Groups 217
The Encounter Group 218 ■ The Assertiveness
Training Group 218 ■ The Consciousness-Raising
Group 218 ■ The Intervention Group 218
Information-Sharing Groups 218
Educational or Learning Groups 219 ■ Focus
Groups 219
Problem-Solving Groups 219
The Problem-Solving Sequence 220 ■ Problem-
Solving Groups at Work 222
Summary: Small Group Communication 225
Key Terms 225
Working With Small Group
Communication 226
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 226
11 M embers and Leaders 227
Members in Small Group
Communication 228
Member Roles 228 ■ Interaction Process
Analysis
230 ■ Member Functions and Skills 230
Leaders in Small Group
Communication 233
Myths about Leadership 234 ■ Approaches
to Leadership 235 ■ Functions and Skills of
Leadership
237
Membership, Leadership,
and Culture 239
Individualism and Collectivism 239 ■ Member
Roles 241 ■ Belief Systems 241 ■ Leadership
Style 241
Summary: Members and Leaders 242
Key Terms 242
Working With Members
and Leaders 243
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 24412 Human Communication in the
Workplac e: Organizational
Communication 245
Organizations 246
The Importance of Organizational Communication 246
■ What Is an Organization? 246 ■ Characteristics of
Organizations 247
Organizational Messages 249
Formal Communication 251 ■ Informal Organizational
Communication: The Grapevine 252 ■
Communication
Channels in Organizations 253
■ Communication Networks 254 ■ Information
Overload
254 ■ Information Isolation 255 ■
Organizational
Message
Competence 256
Organizational Relationships 256
Sexual Harassment 256 ■ Bullying 257 ■ Romance in
the Workplace 258 ■ Mentoring 258 ■ Networking 259
■ Organizational Relationship Competence 259
Summary: Human Communication
in the Workplac e 260
Key Terms 261
Working With Human Communication
in the Workplac e 261
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 262
13 In terpersonal, Group,
and Workplac e Conflict 263
Interpersonal, Group, and Workplac e
Conflict
264
A Definition of Interpersonal Conflict 264 ■ Online and
Workplace Conflicts 264 ■ Myths about Conflict
266
Principles of Conflict 266
Conflict Can Center on Content and Relationship
Issues
266 ■ Conflict Can Be Negative or Positive
267 ■ Conflict Takes Place in a Context 268 ■
Conflict Styles Have Consequences 269
Preliminaries to Conflict Management 270
Before the Conflict 270 ■ After the Conflict 271 ■
Influences on Your Choice of Conflict Strategies
271 ■ The Stages of Conflict Management 272
Conflict Management Strategies 272
Win–Lose and Win–Win Strategies 273 ■ Avoidance
and Active Fighting 273 ■ Force and Talk 273
■ Blame and Empathy 274 ■ Gunnysacking and
Present Focus 274 ■ Manipulation and Spontaneity
274 ■ Personal Rejection and Acceptance 275 ■
Fighting below and above the Belt 275 ■ Face-
Detracting and Face-Enhancing Strategies 276 ■
Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness 277Summary: Interpersonal, Group, and Workplac e
Conflict 278
Key Terms 279
Working With Interpersonal, Group,
and Workplac e Conflict 279
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 280
Part Three Public Speaking 281
14 Public Speaking Topics,
Audiences,
and Research 281
Introducing Public Speaking 282
A Brief History 282 ■ The Benefits of Public
Speaking
283
Managing Your Apprehension 284
Step 1: Select Your Topic, Purposes,
and Thesis 287
Your Topic 287 ■ Finding Topics 288 ■ Limiting
Topics
288 ■ Your Purposes 290 ■ Your Thesis 292
Step 2: Analyze Your Audience 294
Analyzing the Sociology of the Audience 294 ■
Analyzing the Psychology of the Audience 296 ■
Analyzing and Adapting during the Speech 297
Step 3: Research Your Topic 298
Research Notes 298 ■ Libraries and Bookstores 299
■ Interviewing for Information 301 ■ Primary,
Secondary,
and Tertiary Source Material 301 ■
Scholarly
and Popular Journals 302 ■ General Reference
Works 302 ■ News Sources 304 ■ The Government
304 ■ The Web 304 ■ Evaluating Internet
Resources 305 ■ Integrating and Citing Research 306
Summary: Public Speaking Topics, Audiences,
and Research 308
Key Terms 309
Working With Topics, Audiences, and Research 309
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 310
15 Supp orting and Organizing
Your Speech 311
Step 4: Collect Supporting Materials 312
Examples, Illustrations, and Narratives 312 ■
Analogies 313 ■ Definitions 313 ■ Testimony 314
■ Numerical Data 316 ■ Presentation Aids 316 ■
Computer-Assisted Presentations 320
Step 5: Develop Your Main Points 322
Step 6: Organize Your Speech 323
Temporal Pattern 324 ■ Spatial Pattern 324 ■ Topical
Pattern 324 ■ Problem–Solution Pattern 324■ Cause–Effect/Effect–Cause Pattern 324 ■ The
Motivated Sequence 325
Step 7: Construct Your Introduction,
Conclusion,
and Transitions 328
Introduction 328 ■ Conclusion 330 ■ Transitions 331
■ Pitfalls in Introductions, Conclusions, and
Transitions
332
Outlining Your Speech 333
Constructing the Outline 333 ■ Sample Outlines 334
Summary: Supporting and Organizing
Your Speech 341
Key Terms 341
Working With Support and Organization 342
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 342
16 S tyle and Delivery in Public
Speaking 343
Step 8: Word Your Speech 344
Choosing Words 344 ■ Phrasing Sentences 349
Step 9: Rehearse Your Speech 350
Rehearse the Speech as a Whole 350 ■ Time the
Speech 350 ■ Approximate the Actual Speech
Situation 350 ■ See Yourself as a Speaker 350 ■
Incorporate Changes and Make Delivery Notes 350
■ Rehearse Often 351 ■ Undertake a Long-Term
Delivery Improvement Program 351
Step 10: Present Your Speech 351
Methods of Presentation 352 ■ Making Your Presentation
More Effective 353 ■ Voice 355 ■ Body
Action 356 ■ Handling Audience Questions 357
Speech Criticism 359
What Is Criticism? 359 ■ Culture and Criticism 359
■ Guidelines for Criticizing More Effectively 360
Summary: Style and Delivery in Public Speaking 363
Key Terms 363
Working With Style and Presentation in Public
Speaking 364
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 365
17 Th e Informative Speech 366
Principles of Informative Speaking 367
Focus on Your Audience 367 ■ Stress Relevance
and Usefulness 367 ■ Limit the Information 367
■ Adjust the Level of Complexity 367 ■ Relate
New Information to Old 368 ■ Vary the Levels
of Abstraction
368 ■ Make Your Speech Easy to
Remember 369Speeches of Description 370
Thesis and Main Points 371 ■ Support 371 ■
Organization 371
Speeches of Definition 373
Thesis and Main Points 373 ■ Support 374 ■
Organization 374
Speeches of Demonstration 375
Thesis and Main Points 378 ■ Support 378 ■
Organization 378
Summary: The Informative Speech 379
Key Terms 379
Working With the Informative Speech 379
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 380
18 Th e Persua sive Speech 381
Goals of Persua sive Speaking 382
The Three Persua sive Proofs 383
Logical Proof 383 ■ Emotional Proof 385 ■ Credibility
Proof 387
Principles of Persua sive Speaking 391
Motivate Your Listeners with Limited Choices 391
■ Focus on Your Audience 391 ■ Identify with Your
Audience 391 ■ Secure a Yes Response 392 ■
Anticipate Selective Exposure 392 ■ Use Positive
Labeling 393 ■ Ask for Reasonable Amounts of
Change 393 ■ Provide Social Proof 394
Persua sive Speeches on Questions of Fac t 394
Thesis and Main Points 395 ■ Support 395 ■
Organization 396
Persua sive Speeches on Questions
of Value
396
Thesis and Main Points 396 ■ Support 397 ■
Organization 397
Persua sive Speeches on Questions
of Policy 397
Thesis and Main Points 400 ■ Support 400 ■
Organization 401
Summary: The Persua sive Speech 401
Key Terms 402
Working With the Persua sive Speech 402
LogOn! MyCommunicationLab 403
Appendix of Speeches: Public Speaking Sample
Assistants
404
Glossary 419
References 435
Index 449
Credits 461