passive management Buying a well-diversified portfolio to represent a broad-based market index without attempting to search out mispriced securities.
perception The process of becoming aware of objects and events from the senses. Increase accuracy in interpersonal perception by (1) identifying the influence of your physical and emotional state; (2) making sure that you’re not drawing conclusions from too little information; and (3) identifying any perceptions that may be the result of mind reading. See also interpersonal perception.
perception checking The process of verifying your understanding of some message or situation or feeling to reduce uncertainty.
polarization A form of fallacious reasoning in which only two extremes are considered; also referred to as “black-or-white” or “either/or” thinking or as a two-valued orientation. Avoid thinking and talking in extremes by using middle terms and qualifiers. At the same time, remember that too many qualifiers may make you appear unsure of yourself.
politeness Civility, consideration, refinement, respect, and regard for others as expressed verbally and nonverbally; interaction that follows the socially accepted rules for interpersonal interaction.
politeness strategies Strategies that support another’s face needs and may be used as a strategy to appear likeable.
preferred stock Nonvoting shares in a corporation, paying a fixed or variable stream of dividends.
primacy effect The condition in which what comes first exerts greater influence in our perceptions than what comes later. See also recency effect.
primacy–recency Processes of perception in which we give more credence to that which occurs first (primacy) or to that which occurs last or most recently (recency).
primary market New issues of securities are offered to the public here.
price–earnings (P/E) ratio The ratio of a stock’s price to its earnings per share. Also referred to as the P/E multiple.
price-weighted average Weighted average with weights proportional to security prices rather than total capitalization.
principle of cooperation A principle that holds that in any communication interaction, both parties will make an effort to help each other understand each other.
private equity Investment in a company that is not traded on a stock exchange.
private placement Primary offering in which shares are sold directly to a small group of institutional or wealthy investors.
proteinuria protein in the urine
prospectus A final and approved registration statement including the price at which the security issue is offered.
proximity Physical closeness; one of the qualities influencing attraction. Also, as a principle of perception, the tendency to perceive people or events that are physically close as belonging together or representing some unit.
public speaking Communication in which a speaker presents a relatively continuous message to a relatively large audience in a unique context.
punctuation of communication The breaking up of continuous communication sequences into short sequences with identifiable beginnings and endings or stimuli and responses.
purr words Highly positive words that express the speaker’s feelings rather than referring to any objective reality; opposite of snarl words.
put option The right to sell an asset at a specified exercise price on or before a specified expiration date.
Pygmalion effect Condition in which we make a prediction of success, act as if it were true, and thereby make it come true; a type of self-fulfilling prophecy.
pyuria white blood cells in the urine
perception The process of becoming aware of objects and events from the senses. Increase accuracy in interpersonal perception by (1) identifying the influence of your physical and emotional state; (2) making sure that you’re not drawing conclusions from too little information; and (3) identifying any perceptions that may be the result of mind reading. See also interpersonal perception.
perception checking The process of verifying your understanding of some message or situation or feeling to reduce uncertainty.
polarization A form of fallacious reasoning in which only two extremes are considered; also referred to as “black-or-white” or “either/or” thinking or as a two-valued orientation. Avoid thinking and talking in extremes by using middle terms and qualifiers. At the same time, remember that too many qualifiers may make you appear unsure of yourself.
politeness Civility, consideration, refinement, respect, and regard for others as expressed verbally and nonverbally; interaction that follows the socially accepted rules for interpersonal interaction.
politeness strategies Strategies that support another’s face needs and may be used as a strategy to appear likeable.
preferred stock Nonvoting shares in a corporation, paying a fixed or variable stream of dividends.
primacy effect The condition in which what comes first exerts greater influence in our perceptions than what comes later. See also recency effect.
primacy–recency Processes of perception in which we give more credence to that which occurs first (primacy) or to that which occurs last or most recently (recency).
primary market New issues of securities are offered to the public here.
price–earnings (P/E) ratio The ratio of a stock’s price to its earnings per share. Also referred to as the P/E multiple.
price-weighted average Weighted average with weights proportional to security prices rather than total capitalization.
principle of cooperation A principle that holds that in any communication interaction, both parties will make an effort to help each other understand each other.
private equity Investment in a company that is not traded on a stock exchange.
private placement Primary offering in which shares are sold directly to a small group of institutional or wealthy investors.
proteinuria protein in the urine
prospectus A final and approved registration statement including the price at which the security issue is offered.
proximity Physical closeness; one of the qualities influencing attraction. Also, as a principle of perception, the tendency to perceive people or events that are physically close as belonging together or representing some unit.
public speaking Communication in which a speaker presents a relatively continuous message to a relatively large audience in a unique context.
punctuation of communication The breaking up of continuous communication sequences into short sequences with identifiable beginnings and endings or stimuli and responses.
purr words Highly positive words that express the speaker’s feelings rather than referring to any objective reality; opposite of snarl words.
put option The right to sell an asset at a specified exercise price on or before a specified expiration date.
Pygmalion effect Condition in which we make a prediction of success, act as if it were true, and thereby make it come true; a type of self-fulfilling prophecy.
pyuria white blood cells in the urine
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