call option The right to buy an asset at a specified exercise price on or before a specified expiration date.
capital gains The amount by which the sale price of a security exceeds the purchase price.
capital markets Includes longer-term, relatively riskier securities.
certificate of deposit A bank time deposit.
channel The vehicle or medium through which signals are sent. Assess your channel options (for example, speaking face to face, sending e-mail, or leaving a voicemail message when you know the person won’t be home) before communicating important messages.
closed-end (mutual) fund A fund whose shares are traded through brokers at market prices; the fund will not redeem shares at their net asset value. The market price of the fund can differ from the net asset value.
code A set of symbols used to translate a message from one form to another.
collectivist culture A culture in which the group’s goals are given greater importance than the individual’s and in which, for example, benevolence, tradition, and conformity are given special emphasis. Opposed to individualist culture.
commercial paper Short-term unsecured debt issued by large corporations.
communication (1) The process or act of communicating; (2) the actual message or messages sent and received; (3) the study of the processes involved in the sending and receiving of messages.
communication accommodation theory Theory holding that speakers adjust their speaking style to their listeners to gain social approval and achieve greater communication effectiveness.
communication competence A knowledge of the rules and skills of communication; the term often refers to the qualities that make for effectiveness in communication.
computer-mediated communication A general term denoting all forms of communication between people that take place through some computer, electronic, or Internet connection.
confirmation A communication pattern that acknowledges another person’s presence and also indicates an acceptance of this person, this person’s definition of self, and the relationship as defined or viewed by this other person. When you wish to be confirming, acknowledge (verbally and/or nonverbally) others in your group and their contributions. Opposed to disconfirmation.
connotation The feeling or emotional aspect of meaning, generally viewed as consisting of the evaluative (for example, good–bad), potency (strong–weak), and activity (fast–slow) dimensions; the associations of a term. As a speaker, clarify your connotative meanings if you have any doubts that your listeners might misunderstand you; as a listener, ask questions if you have doubts about the speaker’s connotations. See also denotation.
consistency A perceptual process that influences us to maintain balance among our perceptions; a process that makes us tend to see what we expect to see and to be uncomfortable when our perceptions run contrary to our expectations.
content and relationship dimensions A principle of communication stating that messages refer both to content (the world external to both speaker and listener) and to the relationship existing between the individuals who are interacting. Listen to both the content and the relationship aspects of messages, distinguish between them, and respond to both. In conflict, analyze messages in terms of content and relationship dimensions and respond to each accordingly.
content message A message that refers to events or objects external to a relationship; opposed to relationship message.
context The physical, social-psychological, temporal, and cultural environment in which communication takes place.
contrast (principle of) Often-followed rule of perception: If messages or people are very different from each other, they probably don’t belong together and do not constitute a set or group.
creatinine endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism
credibility The degree to which a speaker is perceived to be believable; competence, character, and charisma (dynamism) are its major dimensions.
critical thinking The process of logically evaluating reasons and evidence and reaching a judgment on the basis of this analysis.
cultivation theory A theory of media influence that claims that the media cultivate a view of the world in the mind of the viewer.
cultural sensitivity An attitude and way of behaving in which you’re aware of and acknowledge cultural differences without negative evaluation.
culture The relatively specialized lifestyle of a group of people—consisting of their values, beliefs, artifacts, ways of behaving, and ways of communicating—that is passed on from one generation to the next.
capital gains The amount by which the sale price of a security exceeds the purchase price.
capital markets Includes longer-term, relatively riskier securities.
certificate of deposit A bank time deposit.
channel The vehicle or medium through which signals are sent. Assess your channel options (for example, speaking face to face, sending e-mail, or leaving a voicemail message when you know the person won’t be home) before communicating important messages.
closed-end (mutual) fund A fund whose shares are traded through brokers at market prices; the fund will not redeem shares at their net asset value. The market price of the fund can differ from the net asset value.
code A set of symbols used to translate a message from one form to another.
collectivist culture A culture in which the group’s goals are given greater importance than the individual’s and in which, for example, benevolence, tradition, and conformity are given special emphasis. Opposed to individualist culture.
commercial paper Short-term unsecured debt issued by large corporations.
communication (1) The process or act of communicating; (2) the actual message or messages sent and received; (3) the study of the processes involved in the sending and receiving of messages.
communication accommodation theory Theory holding that speakers adjust their speaking style to their listeners to gain social approval and achieve greater communication effectiveness.
communication competence A knowledge of the rules and skills of communication; the term often refers to the qualities that make for effectiveness in communication.
computer-mediated communication A general term denoting all forms of communication between people that take place through some computer, electronic, or Internet connection.
confirmation A communication pattern that acknowledges another person’s presence and also indicates an acceptance of this person, this person’s definition of self, and the relationship as defined or viewed by this other person. When you wish to be confirming, acknowledge (verbally and/or nonverbally) others in your group and their contributions. Opposed to disconfirmation.
connotation The feeling or emotional aspect of meaning, generally viewed as consisting of the evaluative (for example, good–bad), potency (strong–weak), and activity (fast–slow) dimensions; the associations of a term. As a speaker, clarify your connotative meanings if you have any doubts that your listeners might misunderstand you; as a listener, ask questions if you have doubts about the speaker’s connotations. See also denotation.
consistency A perceptual process that influences us to maintain balance among our perceptions; a process that makes us tend to see what we expect to see and to be uncomfortable when our perceptions run contrary to our expectations.
content and relationship dimensions A principle of communication stating that messages refer both to content (the world external to both speaker and listener) and to the relationship existing between the individuals who are interacting. Listen to both the content and the relationship aspects of messages, distinguish between them, and respond to both. In conflict, analyze messages in terms of content and relationship dimensions and respond to each accordingly.
content message A message that refers to events or objects external to a relationship; opposed to relationship message.
context The physical, social-psychological, temporal, and cultural environment in which communication takes place.
contrast (principle of) Often-followed rule of perception: If messages or people are very different from each other, they probably don’t belong together and do not constitute a set or group.
creatinine endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism
credibility The degree to which a speaker is perceived to be believable; competence, character, and charisma (dynamism) are its major dimensions.
critical thinking The process of logically evaluating reasons and evidence and reaching a judgment on the basis of this analysis.
cultivation theory A theory of media influence that claims that the media cultivate a view of the world in the mind of the viewer.
cultural sensitivity An attitude and way of behaving in which you’re aware of and acknowledge cultural differences without negative evaluation.
culture The relatively specialized lifestyle of a group of people—consisting of their values, beliefs, artifacts, ways of behaving, and ways of communicating—that is passed on from one generation to the next.
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